Olfactory Behaviors Assayed by Computer Tracking Of <em>Drosophila</em> in a Four-quadrant Olfactometer

Olfactory learning in individually assayed Drosophila larvae.

Insect and mammalian olfactory systems are strikingly similar. Therefore, Drosophila can be used as a simple model for olfaction and olfactory learning. The brain of adult Drosophila, however, is still complex. We therefore chose to work on the larva with its yet simpler but adult-like olfactory system and provide evidence for olfactory learning in individually assayed Drosophila larvae. We dev...

A CMOS Four-Quadrant Analog Multiplier

,4Mrad —A new circuit configuration for an MOS four-quadrant analog multiplier circuit is presented. It is based on the square-law characteristics of the MOS transistor. Two versions have been realized. The first has a linearity better than 0.14 percent for an orrtpnt current swing of 36 percent of the supply current and a bandwidth from dc to 1 MHz. The second version has floating inputs, a li...

A Four-quadrant Floating-gate Synapse

We present a new type of pFET synapse; by degenerating the source, the oxide currents provide stabilizing feedback to the oating gate and to the drain. We present experimental measurements from a oating-gate synapse that simultaniously computes four-quadrant products of its input and weight values, and computes a four-quadrant correlation, typical of hebbian and backpropagation learning rules, ...

A Four Quadrant Cmos Analogue Multiplier

A Four Quadrant Finite Dimensional Thruster Model

This paper reports two speci c improvements in the nite-dimensional nonlinear dynamical modeling of marine thrusters. Previously reported four-quadrant models have employed airfoil theory considering only axial uid ow and using sinusoidal lift/drag curves. First, we present a thruster model incorporating the e ects of rotational uid velocity and inertia on thruster response. Second, we report a...